Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

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A study on the low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean using the DARDAR‐MASK

Identifieur interne : 005733 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 005732; suivant : 005734

A study on the low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean using the DARDAR‐MASK

Auteurs : Yi Huang [Australie, États-Unis] ; Steven T. Siems [Australie] ; Michael J. Manton [Australie] ; Alain Protat [Australie] ; Julien Delanoë [France]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:1B6B785A10B31D79FC03FAE395A36EC25DFFB5D5

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

A climatology of the thermodynamic phase of the clouds over the Southern Ocean (40–65°S,100–160°E) has been constructed with the A‐Train merged data product DARDAR‐MASK for the four‐year period 2006–2009 during Austral winter and summer. Low‐elevation clouds with little seasonal cycle dominate this climatology, with the cloud tops commonly found at heights less than 1 km. Such clouds are problematic for the DARDAR‐MASK in that the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) of CloudSat is unable to distinguish returns from the lowest four bins (heights up to 720–960 m), and the CALIOP lidar of CALIPSO may suffer from heavy extinction. The CPR is further limited for all of the low‐altitude clouds (tops below 3 km) as they are predominantly in the temperature range from 0°C to −20°C, where understanding the CPR reflectivity becomes difficult due to the unknown thermodynamic phase. These shortcomings are seen to flow through to the merged CloudSat‐CALIPSO product. A cloud top phase climatology comparison has been made between CALIPSO, the DARDAR‐MASK and MODIS. All three products highlight the extensive presence of supercooled liquid water over the Southern Ocean, particularly during summer. The DARDAR‐MASK recorded substantially more ice at cloud tops as well as mixed‐phase in the low‐elevation cloud tops in comparison to CALIPSO and MODIS. Below the cloud top through the body of the cloud, the DARDAR‐MASK finds ice to be dominant at heights greater than 1 km, especially once the lidar signal is attenuated. The limitations demonstrated in this study highlight the continuing challenge that remains in better defining the energy and water budget over the Southern Ocean.

Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2012JD017800


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<term>Absolute frequency</term>
<term>Algorithm</term>
<term>Atmos</term>
<term>Attenuated</term>
<term>Austral winter</term>
<term>Boundary layer</term>
<term>Caliop</term>
<term>Caliop classification</term>
<term>Caliop observations</term>
<term>Calipso</term>
<term>Calipso lidar level</term>
<term>Calipso observations</term>
<term>Calipso records</term>
<term>Cirrus</term>
<term>Cirrus clouds</term>
<term>Class occurrence</term>
<term>Class occurrences</term>
<term>Claw hypothesis</term>
<term>Clear glaciation</term>
<term>Climatology</term>
<term>Cloud</term>
<term>Cloud field</term>
<term>Cloud frequency</term>
<term>Cloud microphysics</term>
<term>Cloud phase properties</term>
<term>Cloud properties</term>
<term>Cloud tops</term>
<term>Cloudsat</term>
<term>Cloudsat mission</term>
<term>Continuous cloud field</term>
<term>Dardarmask returns</term>
<term>Direct comparison</term>
<term>Dominant class</term>
<term>Ecmwf</term>
<term>Ecmwf temperature</term>
<term>Effective radius</term>
<term>Field observations</term>
<term>First layer</term>
<term>Fractional</term>
<term>Fractional cloud</term>
<term>Frontal region</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Ground clutter contamination</term>
<term>High latitudes</term>
<term>Higher latitudes</term>
<term>Highest cloud</term>
<term>Highest cloud tops</term>
<term>Huang</term>
<term>Ieee trans</term>
<term>Immediate difference</term>
<term>Large frequency</term>
<term>Lidar</term>
<term>Lidar backscatter</term>
<term>Lidar signal</term>
<term>Liquid water</term>
<term>Lowelevation clouds</term>
<term>Lower latitudes</term>
<term>Mace</term>
<term>Meteorol</term>
<term>Middle range</term>
<term>Middle section</term>
<term>Modis</term>
<term>Modis climatology</term>
<term>Monash university</term>
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<term>Oceanic technol</term>
<term>Optical depths</term>
<term>Orthogonal polarization</term>
<term>Other classes increase</term>
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<term>Overhead cloud</term>
<term>Overlying</term>
<term>Overlying cirrus</term>
<term>Overlying cloud</term>
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<term>Physical limitation</term>
<term>Potential bias</term>
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<term>Reflectivity</term>
<term>Relative frequencies</term>
<term>Relative frequency</term>
<term>Remote sens</term>
<term>Screening effect</term>
<term>Seasonal cycle</term>
<term>Seasonal differences</term>
<term>Seasonal shift</term>
<term>Simplified categorization</term>
<term>Single layer</term>
<term>Solid lines</term>
<term>Southern ocean</term>
<term>Southern ocean figure</term>
<term>Statistical importance</term>
<term>Stratospheric features</term>
<term>Supercooled</term>
<term>Surface temperature</term>
<term>Temperature range</term>
<term>Thermodynamic</term>
<term>Thermodynamic phase</term>
<term>Thick cirrus clouds</term>
<term>Thick layers</term>
<term>Uncertain classification</term>
<term>Unique environment</term>
<term>Vertical distributions</term>
<term>Vertical feature mask</term>
<term>Vertical resolution</term>
<term>Warm clouds</term>
<term>Water budget</term>
<term>Water budgets</term>
<term>Weather forecasts</term>
<term>Wind force</term>
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<term>Absolute frequencies</term>
<term>Absolute frequency</term>
<term>Algorithm</term>
<term>Atmos</term>
<term>Attenuated</term>
<term>Austral winter</term>
<term>Boundary layer</term>
<term>Caliop</term>
<term>Caliop classification</term>
<term>Caliop observations</term>
<term>Calipso</term>
<term>Calipso lidar level</term>
<term>Calipso observations</term>
<term>Calipso records</term>
<term>Cirrus</term>
<term>Cirrus clouds</term>
<term>Class occurrence</term>
<term>Class occurrences</term>
<term>Claw hypothesis</term>
<term>Clear glaciation</term>
<term>Climatology</term>
<term>Cloud</term>
<term>Cloud field</term>
<term>Cloud frequency</term>
<term>Cloud microphysics</term>
<term>Cloud phase properties</term>
<term>Cloud properties</term>
<term>Cloud tops</term>
<term>Cloudsat</term>
<term>Cloudsat mission</term>
<term>Continuous cloud field</term>
<term>Dardarmask returns</term>
<term>Direct comparison</term>
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<term>Ecmwf</term>
<term>Ecmwf temperature</term>
<term>Effective radius</term>
<term>Field observations</term>
<term>First layer</term>
<term>Fractional</term>
<term>Fractional cloud</term>
<term>Frontal region</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Ground clutter contamination</term>
<term>High latitudes</term>
<term>Higher latitudes</term>
<term>Highest cloud</term>
<term>Highest cloud tops</term>
<term>Huang</term>
<term>Ieee trans</term>
<term>Immediate difference</term>
<term>Large frequency</term>
<term>Lidar</term>
<term>Lidar backscatter</term>
<term>Lidar signal</term>
<term>Liquid water</term>
<term>Lowelevation clouds</term>
<term>Lower latitudes</term>
<term>Mace</term>
<term>Meteorol</term>
<term>Middle range</term>
<term>Middle section</term>
<term>Modis</term>
<term>Modis climatology</term>
<term>Monash university</term>
<term>Monash weather</term>
<term>Oceanic technol</term>
<term>Optical depths</term>
<term>Orthogonal polarization</term>
<term>Other classes increase</term>
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<term>Overhead cloud</term>
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<term>Phase classes</term>
<term>Physical limitation</term>
<term>Potential bias</term>
<term>Pristine environment</term>
<term>Probability distribution function</term>
<term>Radiant energy system</term>
<term>Reflectivity</term>
<term>Relative frequencies</term>
<term>Relative frequency</term>
<term>Remote sens</term>
<term>Screening effect</term>
<term>Seasonal cycle</term>
<term>Seasonal differences</term>
<term>Seasonal shift</term>
<term>Simplified categorization</term>
<term>Single layer</term>
<term>Solid lines</term>
<term>Southern ocean</term>
<term>Southern ocean figure</term>
<term>Statistical importance</term>
<term>Stratospheric features</term>
<term>Supercooled</term>
<term>Surface temperature</term>
<term>Temperature range</term>
<term>Thermodynamic</term>
<term>Thermodynamic phase</term>
<term>Thick cirrus clouds</term>
<term>Thick layers</term>
<term>Uncertain classification</term>
<term>Unique environment</term>
<term>Vertical distributions</term>
<term>Vertical feature mask</term>
<term>Vertical resolution</term>
<term>Warm clouds</term>
<term>Water budget</term>
<term>Water budgets</term>
<term>Weather forecasts</term>
<term>Wind force</term>
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<div type="abstract">A climatology of the thermodynamic phase of the clouds over the Southern Ocean (40–65°S,100–160°E) has been constructed with the A‐Train merged data product DARDAR‐MASK for the four‐year period 2006–2009 during Austral winter and summer. Low‐elevation clouds with little seasonal cycle dominate this climatology, with the cloud tops commonly found at heights less than 1 km. Such clouds are problematic for the DARDAR‐MASK in that the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) of CloudSat is unable to distinguish returns from the lowest four bins (heights up to 720–960 m), and the CALIOP lidar of CALIPSO may suffer from heavy extinction. The CPR is further limited for all of the low‐altitude clouds (tops below 3 km) as they are predominantly in the temperature range from 0°C to −20°C, where understanding the CPR reflectivity becomes difficult due to the unknown thermodynamic phase. These shortcomings are seen to flow through to the merged CloudSat‐CALIPSO product. A cloud top phase climatology comparison has been made between CALIPSO, the DARDAR‐MASK and MODIS. All three products highlight the extensive presence of supercooled liquid water over the Southern Ocean, particularly during summer. The DARDAR‐MASK recorded substantially more ice at cloud tops as well as mixed‐phase in the low‐elevation cloud tops in comparison to CALIPSO and MODIS. Below the cloud top through the body of the cloud, the DARDAR‐MASK finds ice to be dominant at heights greater than 1 km, especially once the lidar signal is attenuated. The limitations demonstrated in this study highlight the continuing challenge that remains in better defining the energy and water budget over the Southern Ocean.</div>
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